One tonometric catheter was placed inside the sigmoid colon (intraluminal) and another extraluminally in close contact with the serosa of the sigmoid colon
(extraluminal). Intra- and extraluminal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) were measured every 10 min during 48 h postoperatively, 1536 simultaneous measurements. Intraluminal pH (pHi) and extraluminal pH (pHe) were calculated, and intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured, every 4 h. Colonic ischaemia was defined as pHi <= 7.1.
Results: Mean pHi was 7.18 +/- 0.11 and mean pHe was 7.28 +/- 0.09. With a pHe cut-off value of <= 7.2, the sensitivity and specificity to detect colonic ischaemia were 95% and 95%, respectively. Accuracy was 95% and the positive and negative predictive values 0.80 and 0.99, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 19 and the negative likelihood ratio 0.05.
Conclusion: Extraluminal tonometry may serve Selonsertib purchase as a screening test: A pHe-value <7.2 indicates suspected colonic ischaemia, meriting further investigation. It was not able to evaluate the severity of ischaemia. GSK3235025 mouse (C) 2011 European
Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Objective: Risk factors related to the outcome of childhood asthma are not yet well established. We aimed to investigate the long-term outcome for children with asthma to determine the risk factors in predicting persistence of disease. Methods: Sixty-two children with asthma were evaluated retrospectively at the end of a 10-year follow-up. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire requesting clinical information, and underwent physical examination, skin prick testing, a pulmonary function test and bronchial provocation testing. Immunologic parameters evaluated were allergen-specific IgE and IgG4 levels, and allergen-induced generation of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells. Results: Mean age at final assessment was 15.9 +/- 3.6 years, and duration of follow-up was 10.30 +/- 1.27 years. Fifty percent of patients outgrew their asthma during the 10-year follow-up period. All
the non-atopic patients outgrew their disease during the study period, whereas 67% of atopic patients did not. We identified two risk factors independently related to the persistence AC220 order of symptoms: presence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness and presence of rhinitis. Atopic children who were in remission demonstrated significantly higher allergen-induced CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells compared to healthy controls. Conclusions: Atopy, presence of rhinitis, positive and presence of bronchial hyper-reactivity are important risk factors for the persistence of asthma in children. Allergen-induced CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells were higher in the atopic children who outgrew their disease, implicating an immunological mechanism of asthma remission in children.
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