The detection of YMDD mutations in HBV-related HCC patients may help guide the treatment of HCC. In this study, a simple, sensitive, reliable and cost-effective hybridization-fluorescence polarization assay for the detection of YMDD mutations in HCC was developed. A pair of general primers within the highly conserved region of the HBV polymerase gene was used in an asymmetric PCR. Three probes specific for the corresponding YMDD
mutations labeled with different fluorescent reporters hybridized to their target amplicons, and hybridization was indicated by higher fluorescence polarization. The hybridization-fluorescence polarization assay was capable of detecting YMDD mutations at a limit of detection of 10 copies per reaction, and the assay CHIR98014 was able to detect minor populations of viruses with primary YMDD mutations as low as 10%. The rates of primary YMDD mutations and the correlation between YMDD mutations and HBV genotypes in 251 HBV-related HCC patients were investigated using the AZD2171 manufacturer hybridization-fluorescence polarization assay. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Suicidality is a major challenge for today’s health care. Evidence suggests that there are differences in cognitive functioning of suicidal patients but the knowledge about
the underlying neurobiology is limited. Brain imaging offers the advantage of a non-invasive in vivo direct estimation of detailed brain structure, regional brain functioning and estimation of molecular processes in the brain.
We have reviewed the literature on neuroimaging studies of the suicidal brain. This article contains studies on structural imaging such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and functional imaging, consisting of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission DOCK10 Tomography (SPECT) and functional MRI (fMRI). We classified the results of the different imaging modalities in structural and functional imaging.
Within our research, we found no significant differences in the suicidal brain demonstrated by Computed Tomography.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies in subjects with a history of suicide attempt on the other hand deliver differing results, mostly pointing at a higher prevalence of white (especially deep white matter and periventricular) and grey matter hyperintensities in the frontal, temporal and/or parietal lobe and decreased volumes in the frontal and temporal lobe. There seems to be a trend towards findings of reduced grey matter volume in the frontal lobe. Overall, there is no consensus of opinion on structural imaging of the suicidal brain.
Research on functional imaging is further divided into studies in resting state, studies in activation conditions and studies on brain neurotransmitters, transporters and receptors.
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