The implications of an unusable biosimilars pathway in the
US dampen our already soft outlook for biosimilars. Companies will still develop follow-on biologics, but approved compounds will behave as new branded drugs.
Biosimilars in the US are therefore not likely to lead to aggressive pricing, but will more likely mirror current situations where several similar biologics are available. For example, the Selleckchem GSK2118436 interferon (IFN) beta-1a products Avonex (R) and Rebif (R), and Betaseron (R) (IFN beta-1b) have all enjoyed >10% price increases for the last several years in spite of their clinical similarities.
inThought reiterates its outlook for generic erosion of
a typical biologic that projects a loss of revenue of 30% over 5 years compared to the 90% revenue loss for a typical branded small molecule.”
“Introduction: T2 (spin-spin) relaxation time is frequently used for compositional assessment of articular cartilage. However little is known about the influence of magnetic resonance (MR) system components on these measurements. The reproducibility and range of cartilage selleck inhibitor T2 values were evaluated using different extremity radiofrequency (RF) coils with potential differences in flip angle uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
Method: Ten knees underwent 3 T MR exams using RF coils with Proteasome inhibitor different SNR: quadrature transmit/receive (QTR); quadrature transmit/eight-channel phased-array receive (QT8PAR). Each knee was scanned twice per coil (four exams total). T2 values were calculated for the central medial and lateral femoral (cMF, cLF) and medial and lateral tibial (MT, LT) cartilage.
Results: The flip angle varied across a central 40 mm diameter region-of-interest of each
coil by <1.5%. However SNR was significantly higher using QT8PAR than QTR (P < 0.001). T2 values for cMF (50.7 msec/45.9 msec) and MT (48.2 msec/41.6 msec) were significantly longer with QT8PAR than QTR (P < 0.05). T2 reproducibility was improved using QT8PAR for cMF and cLF (4.8%/5.8% and 4.1%/6.5%; P < 0.001), similar for LT (3.8%/3.6%; P = 1.0), and worse for MT (3.7%/3.3%; P < 0.001). T2 varied spatially, with cLF having the longest (52.0 msec) and the LT having the shortest (40.6 msec) values. All deep cartilage had significantly longer, and less variable, T2 values using QT8PAR (higher SNR; P < 0.03).
Conclusions: SNR varied spatially (significant) depending upon coil, but refocusing flip angle only slightly.
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