een microarray and RT qPCR data was less consistent, except for lipoprotein lipase, which was similarly up regulated albeit non significantly. Up regulation of the glycerophospholipid biosynthesis pathway in fish with higher n 3 LC PUFA contents was blog of sinaling pathways also indicated when associated with high lipid levels, significant for monoacylglycerol O acyltransferase 1. With regards to the eicosanoid biosynthesis pathway, the microarray results could only be confirmed for arachidonic 5 lipoxygenase. Validation of lipid metabolism genes affected by the total lipid factor confirmed the lower expression of elovl2 in salmon presenting higher lipid levels in their flesh, independent of LC PUFA content. Finally, good agree ment was found between the microarray and RT qPCR results for immune response genes in response to both n 3 LC PUFA and total lipid factors.
Genetic evaluations Subsequent to the dietary trial and microarray analyses, genetic evaluations became available for a range of traits upon which the families are under active selection in the breeding pro gram. Given the unexpectedly high preponderance of immune response genes identified by transcriptomic analysis, we investigated associations with traits that could potentially explain the gene expression data. In this respect, one of the most relevant traits was survival to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, known to be almost entirely controlled by a major QTL. Gen etic evaluations included data collected from a freshwater experimental IPN challenge on full sibs from the same families as the trial fish.
Examining the families, selected on their lipid phenotypes, used for transcriptomic analysis it was seen that family HH, containing both high total lipid and high n 3 LC PUFA flesh contents, also showed a high EBV for survival to IPN, contrasting with Anacetrapib ?0. 83 0. 99 and ?1. 28 for the other families, that could intro duce a potential for bias in interpretation of the tran scriptomic responses. However, no such imbalance was present in the lower lipid grouping, comparing families LL and LH. Discussion The present study which ascertained lipid profiles of 50 Atlantic salmon families confirmed previous results showing important inter family variation in the ability to re tain n 3 LC PUFA in the flesh when fish are fed diets with low levels of these fatty acids.
Furthermore, even though a high correlation was found between flesh lipid levels and n 3 LC PUFA contents, families with the same total lipid level varied significantly in n 3 LC PUFA contents. In the present study we did not examine whether these differences http://www.selleckchem.com/products/brefeldin-a.html have a genetic basis, as this was established previously, but instead aimed to identify molecular pathways whose transcriptional regulation might underlie the phenotypic differences, independent of lipid content. LC PUFA biosynthesis Differences in flesh n 3 LC PUFA content in individuals fed the same diet is likely to arise from either selective incorporation and retention of fatty acids supplie
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