, 2009, Farkas et al., 2009, Chee et al., 2008, Guzman, 1984, Gonzales et al., 2004 and Alcaino et al., 2002). In addition, in areas where C. felis appears to be predominant, C. canis still represents a significant proportion of fleas in dog populations with a prevalence of 10–12.5% in Europe and up to 21% in the USA ( Franc et al., 1998, Gracia et al., 2007, Beck et al., 2006 and Durden

et al., 2005). The goal of a successful flea control program is to eliminate fleas quickly, continuously, and to prevent them from producing viable eggs Vismodegib purchase that contaminate the environment. The present study was conducted in order to determine the efficacy of a soft, beef-flavored chewable formulation of afoxolaner (Nexgard®, Merial) against the dog flea, C. canis, after a single oral administration to dogs. The study was designed to assess the long-acting efficacy of afoxolaner against adult fleas evaluated 12 or 24 h after weekly infestations and in the prevention of environmental contamination with flea eggs. Thirty-two beagle dogs (18 males and 14 females, 8–58 months of age, weighing 7.6–15.7 kg) were included in the study. Dogs had not been exposed to ectoparasiticides within 3 months prior to treatment. The protocol of the study was reviewed and approved by the www.selleckchem.com/products/BI6727-Volasertib.html Merial Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Dogs were handled with due regard for their welfare (USDA, 2008). All animals were housed individually. All dogs received

commercial food, once daily, in a sufficient amount to maintain body weight appropriate for the breed, and water was provided ad libitum. The dogs enrolled in the studies underwent a full physical examination by a veterinarian on Day −7 and were examined once daily for health observations. The study design was in accordance with the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP) guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of parasiticides for the treatment, prevention and control of flea and tick infestation on dogs and cats (Marchiondo et al., 2013), and was conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practices as described in International Cooperation on Harmonisation

of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) guideline GL9 ( EMEA, 2000). The dogs were acclimatized to study conditions 7 days prior to treatment and were observed for general health Adenosine conditions throughout the study. On Day −7, they were infested with 100 (±5) adult C. canis fleas from an Irish strain originate from Tipperary County (collected in the field on dogs some years ago and maintained as laboratory strain since). Dogs were ranked by decreasing live flea counts pre-treatment and allocated to 8 blocks of 4 animals each. Within each block, each dog was randomized to Groups 1, 2, 3 or 4 and weighed on Day −3 for dosage calculations using a calibrated balance. On Day 0, dogs were offered their normal ration prior to treatment. Dogs assigned to Groups 1 and 3 remained untreated and served as controls.

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