Methods.  progestogen antagonist In 2008 an epidemiological oral health survey was carried out and the results on caries were compared with five cross-sectional studies carried out using the same methods and criteria in 1997, 1999, 2002, 2004, and 2006 in the same city. In all surveys, children were randomly selected from those attending a National Day of Children’s Vaccination. Calibrated dentists carried out the clinical examination using WHO criteria. Caries trends were assessed by time-lag analysis. In total, 5348 children were examined in the six surveys over the 11-year

period. Results.  Time-lag analysis showed a marked and statistically significant decline in the prevalence (χ2 for trends: P < 0.001) and severity (Kruskal–Wallis: IDH targets P < 0.001) of dental caries between 1997 and 2008. Conclusion.  In conclusion, the last cohort of preschool children in Diadema had much better dental caries status than those in 1997. "
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2013; 23: 216–224 Objectives.  This randomised, controlled trial compared the effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and 304% fluoride toothpaste to prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in a birth cohort by 24 months. Methods.  The participants

were randomised to receive either (i) twice daily toothbrushing with toothpaste and once daily 0.12% CHX gel (n = 110) or (ii) twice daily toothbrushing with toothpaste only (study controls) (n = 89). The primary outcome measured

was caries incidence and the secondary outcome was percentage of children with mutans streptococci (MS). All mothers were contacted by telephone at 6, 12, and 18 months. At 24 months, all children were examined at a community dental clinic. Results.  At 24 months, the caries prevalence was 5% (3/61) in the CHX and 7% (4/58) in the controls (P = 0.7). There were no differences in percentages of MS-positive children between the CHX and control groups (54%vs 53%). Only 20% applied the CHX gel once daily and 80% less than once daily. Conclusions.  Toothbrushing using 304% fluoride toothpaste with or without the application of chlorhexidine gel (0.12%) reduces ECC from 23% found Amobarbital in the general community to 5–7%. The lack of effect with chlorhexidine is likely to be due to low compliance. “
“International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry 2010; 20: 132–143 Background.  Recent reports have suggested that dental caries among some young children is increasing in the United States. Aim.  To describe changes in paediatric caries prevalence by poverty status in the United States. Design.  National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for children aged 2–11 years for 1988–1994 and 1999–2004 were used. Results.

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