0%)

of 49 cases (95% CI [34%-64%]). The shunt survival rate at 1 year was 70.8% in the experienced ultrasound group and 66.9% in the conventional group (p = 0.66). Ultrasound surgeons had more catheters surrounded by CSF (30.8% vs 6.1%, p = 0.0012) and away from the choroid Fludarabine in vivo plexus (72.3% vs 58.3%, p = 0.12), and fewer catheters in the brain (3% vs 22.4%, p = 0.0011) and crossing the midline (4.5% vs 34.7%, p < 0.001), but they had a higher proportion of postoperative pseudomeningocele (10.1% vs 3.8%, p = 0.30), wound dehiscence (5.8% vs 0%, p = 0.13), CSF leak (10.1% vs 1.9%, p = 0.14), and shunt infection (11.6% vs 5.8%, p = 0.35).

Conclusions. Ultrasound-guided shunt insertion as performed in this study was unable to consistently place catheters into the frontal horn or trigone. The technique is safe and achieves outcomes similar to other conventional shunt insertion techniques. Further

efforts to improve accurate catheter location should focus on prevention of catheter migration that occurs between intraoperative placement and postoperative imaging Clinical trial registration no.: Selleckchem PLX4032 NCT01007786 (ClinicalTrials.gov).”
“Aim. In this study, we aimed to evaluate cord blood mannose binding levels (MBL), to evaluate possible relationship between cord blood MBL levels with neonatal sepsis and culture confirmed neonatal sepsis in preterm newborn with gestational age below 34 weeks with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS).

Methods. Forty-four randomly selected <= 34 weeks gestational age newborns with FIRS were evaluated. MBL deficiency was described as cord blood levels were below 400 ng/ml.

Results. Mean value of umbilical cord MBL was significantly lower in newborns with culture confirmed sepsis (p < 0.01) and also all cases with sepsis (including culture negative or positive) (p < 0.05) than newborns without sepsis. Culture-confirmed sepsis was statistically common in MBL deficient premature newborns with FIRS. Univariate analysis showed that gestational age, birth weight, low serum MBL level and poor obstetric history were all significantly C188-9 solubility dmso associated with

the risk of neonatal sepsis. A subsequent multivariate analysis showed that the association between serum MBL level and the risk of suspected sepsis and culture confirmed sepsis independently from gestational age and birth weight.

Conclusion. Here in, we report firstly lower MBL levels were found related with sepsis in neonates, especially in newborns with culture proven sepsis. Low MBL levels may help to identify neonates with FIRS at high risk of developing sepsis.”
“Background: Various surgical approaches have been advocated to release, lengthen, or excise a segment of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle for the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). However, all those conventional methods make noticeable scars on the clavicle or neck area.

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