7% varenicline. Parallel rates for Blacks were 14.0% patch, 7.4% promotion info gum, 1.1% lozenge, 0.7% nasal spray, 0.4% inhaler, 5.5% bupropion, and 2.2% varenicline. Because usage rates were low overall, and because our intent was not a product-by-product comparison, we collapsed these into one variable: ever usage of any pharmacotherapy, an approach consistent with prior reports (Shiffman, Brockwell, et al., 2008). As hypothesized, significantly fewer Blacks (23%) reported ever use of pharmacotherapy than non-Hispanic Whites (39% odds ratio [OR] = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.33�C0.66). Racial Comparisons of Attitudes Table 2 demonstrates that there were no significant differences between Blacks and non-Hispanic Whites with respect to (a) safety concerns, (b) cost concerns, (c) likelihood to use a free sample of pharmacotherapy, (d) perceived necessity of cessation medication to quit, or (e) perceived harmfulness of smoking.
Blacks were significantly less likely to believe that NRT is efficacious (OR = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.19�C0.36) and to endorse a need for cessation treatment in general (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.48�C0.90). Black smokers were more likely to endorse concerns about addictive potential (OR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.04�C2.07), which was consistent with their elevated impression of general harm. Table 2. Attitudes Toward Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy by Race, South Carolina, 2008 Regression Analysis of Pharmacotherapy Usage Even after adjusting for age, gender, education, smoking behaviors, and attitudes (Table 3), Blacks remained significantly less likely than non-Hispanic Whites to use pharmacotherapy (OR = 0.
55, p = .003). Usage was further associated with addiction concerns (OR = 0.80, p < .01) and perceived necessity of treatment to quit smoking (OR = 1.52, p < .001). There were trends for both perceived efficacy (OR = 1.12, p = .08) and educational status (OR = 1.16, p = .08). There were no significant associations detected with age, gender, cigarettes per day, or perceived harm of cessation medications. Multiple logistic regression models within each racial group were examined to further understand the predictors of pharmacotherapy usage by race (Table 3). For Blacks, usage was associated with perceived necessity of treatment to quit smoking (OR = 1.49, p < .001). There were no other significant associations. For non-Hispanic Whites, usage was associated with gender (female is referent: OR = 1.
8, p < .05), addiction concerns (OR = .73, p < .001), Cilengitide and perceived necessity of treatment to quit smoking (OR = 1.58, p < .001). There was a trend for age (OR = 1.16, p = .06). There were no significant associations detected with educational status, cigarettes per day, perceived efficacy, or perceived harm of cessation medications. In the overall model, interactions (Race �� Each Predictor Variable) were examined to test the hypothesis that the relationship between the predictor variables and usage was moderated by race.
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