5 mm shoulder margin in all directions. To prepare Turcom Cera (Turcom-Ceramic SDN-BHD, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) selleck inhibitor crowns, we made impressions of the master dies with a polysiloxane material using light and heavy bodies (Express Penta H Quick, 3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany). Ten impressions were made for each master die. The impressions were poured into an improved dental stone (New Fujirock, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) to form stone-work dies. Ten Turcom Cera all-ceramic crowns were prepared on the working models in accordance with the manufacturer��s instructions. Preparation of special pressure device for cementation The master die, a split brass mould, and a handy analog force gauge apparatus (Algol Instrument Co, Hsin-Chuang, Taipei, Taiwan) were used to determine the pressure that would be applied in the cementation test.
The mould allowed for vertical movement of the master dies and was fixed on the upper section of the test apparatus (Figure 1). Maximum cementation pressure (in newtons) was recorded based on the vertical movement of the master die within the mould. Figure 1. The brass mold that allows to move as vertical of master dies (A: Master die, B: Split mold C: Vertical movement). Selection of dentists and cementation Dentists (9 male, 6 female) were selected from the Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University. Dentists were given no information before the study, and their cementation techniques were never interfered with during the process. Glass ionomer cement (Meron, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) was selected for cementation.
The dentists were asked how many crowns they planned to cement in one session and then were provided with the correct powder/liquid ratio of cement according to the manufacturer��s instructions. The maximum pressure applied during cementations on the master die of all-ceramic crowns was recorded (Figure 2). However, the dentists did not see the amount of pressure they applied. Master dies were cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning after every 10 cementations. Each dentist conducted 10 cementations in the morning and 10 cementations in the afternoon. As a result, 300 cementation processes were conducted. Figure 2. Special pressure device to apply standard cementation force during setting of cement. Statistical analysis Differences in the finger pressure applied by the 15 dentists during cementation were evaluated using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Cementations performed in the morning were included in this evaluation. An independent specimen t-test was used to Anacetrapib evaluate the differences in finger pressure applied in the morning and in the afternoon. Finally, differences in pressure by dentist gender were evaluated using one-way ANOVA. RESULTS Mean values and standard deviations of finger pressure are shown in Table 1. The values obtained ranged from 12 to 67 N, revealing a statistically significant difference in finger pressure applied during cementation (Table 2). Table 1.
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