Behavioral methods are related to human behavior, including typing rhythm, gait, and http://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html voice characteristics. Behavioral characteristics are also called ��behaviometrics�� [2]. Strictly speaking, the human voice is also a physiological characteristic because every person has a different vocal tract; however, voice recognition is mainly based on the study of the way people speak, and it is commonly classified as a behavioral characteristic [3].Such biometric methods have both advantages and disadvantages. Although iris recognition has a high recognition accuracy, iris-capturing devices are relatively expensive. A fake iris imitating a pre-captured iris image, such as a printed Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries fake iris, patterned contact lens, or artificial eye, can cause an iris recognition system to generate a false alarm.
Furthermore, certain occlusion factors Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries such as eyelashes [4], specular reflections [5], and eyelids [6] can degrade the performance of iris recognition systems.Fingerprint recognition also has high recognition accuracy, and such sensing devices are relatively cheap. However, moisture or scars can prevent a clear fingerprint pattern from being obtained [7]. Moreover, fingerprints can also be used for criminal or other illegal purposes since fingerprint patterns can be easily obtained from certain surfaces [8]. Recently, new finger biometric methods using finger-knuckle-prints have been introduced [9,10]. In these researches, the authors used finger-knuckle-prints, which are the skin patterns of the outer surface area of a phalangeal joint. They achieved promising recognition accuracy using Gabor-based feature extraction.
Face recognition Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries is comparatively convenient in terms of usability; however, the recognition accuracy Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries of common face recognition systems is even lower than that of other systems such as iris or fingerprint recognition methods. Moreover, since faces are always exposed, it is easy to trick a recognition system [11] using a photograph or mask. Several factors such as facial expressions [12], illuminative variations [13], aging effects [14], and occlusions from wearing masks or glasses [15] can degrade the performance of face recognition systems.The reported accuracies of other behavioral methods such as voice [16], gait [17], and keystroke recognition [18] Dacomitinib have been quite poor.
The current health status of the subject, along with certain environmental conditions, this explanation can significantly degrade the performance of these recognition systems, rendering their use difficult.To overcome the problems of previous biometric systems, new systems using vein patterns from the palms or hands have been introduced [19] and are continuously being researched [1,20�C24]. In general, vein patterns can be acquired using near-infrared (NIR) light and a camera device.
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