Blood levels of BDE-47 in the dosed dams were within the range reported in humans. BDE-47 tissue levels in the dams decreased between parturition

and weaning, possibly reflecting mobilization during lactation. Brain BDE-47 levels in the offspring at PND 1 approached those of the dams at parturition. Perinatal exposure to BDE-47 resulted in significant dose dependent growth retardation, slower motor performance in several Repotrectinib behavioral tests, and mice exposed to 1 mg/kg/day BDE-47 showed altered performance in the Morris water maze. There were no differences between groups in the numbers of pyramidal neurons in hippocampus CM. These results document accumulation of BDE-47 in several organ systems following exposure to low-levels of BDE-47, and provide evidence that such exposure is associated with early behavioral deficits in exposed neonates. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Estrogens have been shown to have a strong influence on such cognitive domains as spatial memory, response learning, and several tasks of executive function, including both working memory and attention. However, the effects of estrogens on inhibitory

control and timing behavior, both important aspects of executive function, have received relatively little attention. We examined the effects of estradiol on AR-13324 inhibitory control and timing behavior using a differential reinforcement of low rates

of responding (DRL) task Ovariectomized young (3 month), middle-aged (12 month), and old (18 month) Long-Evans rats were implanted with Silastic implants containing 0.5 or 10% 17 beta-estradiol in cholesterol vehicle and were tested on a DRL task requiring them to wait 15 s between lever presses to receive a food reinforcer. The ratio of reinforced to non-reinforced lever presses did not differ across age in the cholesterol vehicle group. Conversely, 17 beta-estradiol impaired learning of the DRL task in young and 3-oxoacyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase middle-aged rats, but the learning of old rats was not impaired relative to vehicle controls following either 5% or 10% 17 beta-estradiol treatment. Overall, old rats also made fewer lever presses than both the young and middle-aged rats. These results provide new evidence that estrogens impair inhibitory control, an important aspect of self regulation, and add to existing evidence that estrogens differentially affect cognition at different ages. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Paraquat (PQ) is an herbicide used extensively in agriculture. This agent is also suspected to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) by harming nigro-striatal dopamine neurons. There is likely, genetic-based, individual variability in susceptibility to PQ neurotoxicity related PD.

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