(C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3477322]“
“Papillomaviruses represent

a medically find more important virus family, Infection with a high-risk human papillomavirus type is a prerequisite for cervical carcinoma development. Infection by low-risk types may result in the generation of benign skin warts, It was recently found that infectious entry of these viruses is dependent upon a specific proteolytic event that occurs prior to viral endocytosis. Specifically, a proprotein convertase, furin or proprotein convertase 5/6, must cleave the minor capsid protein for infection to proceed. Here, an overview of what is currently known about this process is presented, and what we have learned about the papillomavirus lifecycle from these studies discussed. This work also has implications for further advances in papillomavirus vaccine development.”
“The general thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system can get high efficiency, by adding a spectral filter or using a selective thermal emitter, but the output power density is very low. However, the microgap TPV system can get high output power density, but the efficiency is relatively low, due to the difficulty of cropping the emissive spectrum of the thermal emitter

in the near field. Thus, the ultimate goal of designing a TPV system is to get higher efficiency and higher output power density, simultaneously. Theoretically, the way used in this paper is to place a perfect edge reflector at the back of the PV diode to achieve an equivalent Salubrinal cut-off blackbody emitter. The performance of this ideal TPV system is calculated based on a fluctuational electrodynamics model. According to the simulation results, in the far field, the performance of this

ideal TPV system is identical to the well known thermodynamic limit. In the near field, this ideal TPV system can simultaneously get higher efficiency and higher output power density. By assuming the emitter with a frequency-independent permittivity, a permittivity-match emitter is proposed to maximize the output power density, there is an optimal vacuum learn more distance between 110 and 160 nm to maximize the efficiency, and near-field effect disappears for TPV system with a zero-refractivity emitter. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3490786]“
“Candidiasis is the most common cause of fungal infections, and the majority of these are caused by Condida albicans. The protean pathogenic potential of C. albicans includes the capacity to infect diverse mucosal and epidermal surfaces as well as to disseminate via the bloodstream to internal organs, potentially causing system failure in cases of severe immunosuppression. Many environmental niches in the host may be invaded by C. albicans through modulation of gene expression patterns while changing morphology between yeast and hyphal growth forms.

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