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“Introduction It is assumed that there is a relationship between patterns of use of
any given antibiotic or antibiotic class and extent of bacterial resistance to that antibiotic or class. More specifically, it is believed that as the use of an antibiotic increases over time, resistance to that antibiotic on the part of one or more bacteria will also increase as would rates of infections with antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Research in this area has indeed provided examples of such relationships although they are not predictably present [1, 2]. However, when such relationships occur, they may well have implications for proactive stewardship initiatives and empiric prescribing decisions. Most, if not all investigations regarding these potential relationships have been performed in adult populations with few, if any, studies focusing in on pediatric drug use/resistance in pediatric hospitals. The purpose of the present study was to explore potential relationships between antipseudomonal antibiotic use and susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common nosocomial pathogen, to these antibiotics in a pediatric hospital over a 7-year period. Methods The Medical University of South Carolina Children’s Hospital is a 186 bed facility including 50 neonatal specialty beds. Approximately, 4,700 children between the ages of 0 and 17 years are cared for annually.
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