Data for this report were collected between November 1989 and July, 2010. Participant recruitment procedures are described in detail elsewhere.45 Briefly, prospective subjects residing in San Diego, California were screened via telephone. Women were eligible to participate if they did not: i) smoke; ii) use hormonal contraceptives; or iii) use medications, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical herbs, or over-the-counter preparations
(eg, antihistamines, asthma medications, valerian root, black cohosh, melatonin, St John’s Wort, and/or decongestants with epinephrine [pseudoephedrine]) that would interfere with neuroendocrine measures. As per Benloucif et al, Tylenol was permitted (but not aspirin).46 Participants agreed to multiple overnight hospital stays in the General Clinical Research Center, where they were permitted to bring their child if necessary. Eligible women underwent the following laboratory tests: Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical a chemistry panel, thyroid indices, complete blood count, urinalysis, and urine toxicology screening. Eligible women could not have significant medical illness, and women who were receiving drug treatment were required to see more discontinue any medication that would interfere with study measures.
We required DP women to discontinue antidepressant Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical treatment >2 weeks (>4 weeks for fluoxetine treatment) before the start of the study. For participants who stopped antidepressant use prior to the study, their baseline mood ratings were obtained only after antidepressant withdrawal. In addition to ratings done during the evaluation phase, we also collected mood ratings on the evening before the PSG data collection. No participants were permitted to have had an alcohol abuse or Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical dependency problem within the past year. Women with bipolar or primary anxiety disorders were Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical excluded from the study, but women
with personal or family histories of unipolar depression were included in both the NC and DP groups. To establish DSM-IV entrance and baseline criteria, trained clinicians administered the following assessments to each participant: the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID)47 and at least two baseline evaluation ratings, scheduled 1 week apart, using objective ratings with the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorders (SIGH-SAD Thymidine kinase version),48 which includes the 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale49 and an eight-item atypical depressive symptom inventory,50 plus subjective ratings with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).51 We also evaluated mood in pregnant and postpartum women with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS),52 which has been validated for use during pregnancy.53 For study inclusion, DP women were required to have a mean SIGH-SAD score >14 and BDI and EPDS scores >10 for 2 weeks.
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