g., showing motivation declines over time) could have significant implications for smoking cessation sellekchem treatments. Some behavioral treatments for smoking cessation encourage smokers to self-monitor their smoking, obtain social support, etc, before attempting to quit (Abrams et al., 2003; McEwen et al., 2006; Perkins et al., 2007), and some pharmacological protocols encourage pretreatment (Maurer & Bachmann, 2007; Shiffman & Ferguson, 2008). If these treatments cause smokers to delay a quit attempt and if delaying undermines motivation, then these treatments might be less successful than those that encourage smokers to quit as soon as possible. Funding Conduct of the trial was supported by an extramural grant from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA-017825). Declaration of Interests Dr.
JRH is currently employed by the University of Vermont and Fletcher Allen Health Care. Since January 1, 2008, he has received research grants from the National Institute on Health and Pfizer; the latter develops and sells smoking cessation medications. During this time, he has accepted honoraria or consulting fees from several nonprofit and for-profit organizations and companies that develop, sell, or promote smoking cessation products or services or educate/advocate about smoking cessation: Abbot Pharmaceuticals; Aradigm; American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry; American Psychiatric Association; American Psychiatric Institute for Research and Education; Cambridge Hospital; Dartmouth College; Dartmouth-Hitchcock; Dean Foundation; DLA Piper; EPI-Q; European Respiratory Society; Evotec; Free and Clear; Glaxo-Smith Kline; Golin Harris; Healthwise; Integrated Communication; Invivodata; Maine Health; McGill University Medical School, McNeil Pharmaceuticals; Novartis Pharmaceuticals; Oglivy Health PR, Ottawa Heart Institute, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals; Pinney Associates; Propagate Pharmaceuticals; Reckner Associates; Scientia; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; University of California-San Francisco; University of Wisconsin; US National Institutes on Health; and Wolters Publishing.
Dr. PWC has no disclosures.
While cigarette use has decreased among youth in the United States in the past decade, the use of other tobacco products has increased.
Hookah smokin g (also known as water pipe, shisha, or narghile smoking), an older form of tobacco use that originated in the Middle East, has rapidly become popular in the United States (Eissenberg, Ward, Smith-Simone, & Maziak, 2008; Maziak, 2011; Primack et al., 2008; Ward et al., 2007). The American Lung Association (2007) reported that hookah tobacco use �� �� has become as fashionable Batimastat [in the U.S.] as cigars were in the 1990s��. Hookah tobacco use poses a new challenge for tobacco control researchers (American Lung Association, 2007; Maziak, 2008; World Health Organization, 2005).
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