Monoclonal antibody (mAb)14C12 and mAb30D1 were obtained to Bo2C11 and BoIIB2 respectively and used in an attempt to establish the proof of concept that anti-idiotypic selleck products monoclonal Abs were able to inhibit completely the function of the corresponding anti-FVIII Ab. For this, Bo2C11, a monoclonal antibody to the light chain of FVIII, specifically directed towards the phospholipid binding sites of the C2 domain (mAbBo2C11) was used [10].

Detailed knowledge about binding sites had been obtained by co-crystallization of a complex made of the C2 domain and mAbBo2C11 [11]. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of the corresponding anti-idiotypic antibody generated in mice (mAb14C12) was demonstrated in neutralizing mAbBo2C11 inhibitory activity [2]. It was also demonstrated that ±50% of patients with C2-specific inhibitors shared idiotypic determinants

with those of mAbBo2C11 and that mAb14C12 could indeed inhibit the binding to FVIII of alternative anti-C2 inhibitors. This established the first proof of concept that anti-idiotypic Abs could serve to neutralize in vivo the inhibitory activity of high-affinity human inhibitors. DMXAA mouse Based on this observation, it was then demonstrated that FVIII inhibition obtained by a mixture of two anti-FVIII mAbs (anti-C2 and anti-A2) was neutralized up to 100% when a mixture of the corresponding anti-Ids was added in a the functional assay. In addition, an anti-idiotypic Ab towards an anti-C1 domain inhibitor was generated and shown to prevent binding to C1 specifically in a dose-dependent manner. It also had the capacity to neutralize fully the anti-FVIII C1 domain inhibitory properties in a coagulation assay. More interestingly, it was demonstrated that the cumulative FVIII inhibiting activity – obtained by a mixture of human monoclonal antibodies anti-C2, -A2 and -C1 (Le2E9 [12]) – could be completely neutralized by a mixture of their corresponding monoclonal

anti-idiotypic antibodies. This anti-idiotypic Ab mixture also had the ability to neutralize in plasma the inhibitory properties of polyclonal antibodies selleck chemicals obtained from haemophilia A patients and maintain a residual FVIII concentration of more than 0.75 IU in >80% of the cases. Recently, two additional human monoclonal inhibitory antibodies were generated, specific to the C1 domain (RhD5) and to a second epitope of the C2 domain (VDR), making a total of five human inhibitors. Interestingly, our investigations indicated that those five inhibitors taken collectively closely matched the polyclonal inhibitor response made by a large majority of patients. Accordingly, corresponding anti-Ids were obtained by mouse immunization, were fully characterized and sequenced in an attempt to produce an anti-Ids Abs pool that would inhibit most polyclonal anti-FVIII immune responses.

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