Temporal correlations between spikes and UP revealed that cortical cell spikes were tightly phase-coupled with the peak of gamma oscillations and that this phase-coupling was not odor-dependent. Our results suggest that gamma oscillation may act as a temporal filter. Oscillatory phase-coupled spikes in the OB could act in increasing the probability of spike emission in the aPC cell during a narrow time-window, explaining the tight phase-coupling observed in the aPC. The role of spike-LFP phase-coupling as a binding function between odor features is discussed. (C) 2008 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This case report
describes sudden massive tipper gastrointestinal bleeding due AZD1208 nmr to a ruptured superior mesenteric artery aneurysm-duodenal fistula following mitral and aortic valvular replacement surgery due to infectious endocarditis. The Superior mesenteric artery false aneurysm was diagnosed by computed tomography scanning. The intraoperative findings included a rupture at the, trunk of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and a perforation on the anterior Ferrostatin-1 molecular weight wall of the third portion of the duodenum. The patient was treated by emergency surgery, which consisted of an interposition repair of the SMA. with a saphenous win graft for the superior mesenteric artery and a duodenojejunal Roux-en-Y anastomosis for the perforation of the duodenum. At 30-months follow-up,
the patient is alive and well with no abdominal pain and eating a regular diet.”
“Drug addiction is a state of altered brain reward and self-regulation mediated by both neurotransmitter and hormonal systems. Although
an organism’s internal system attempts to maintain homeostasis when challenged by exogenous opiates and other drugs of abuse, it eventually fails, resulting in the transition from drug use to drug abuse. We propose that the attempted maintenance of hormonal homeostasis is achieved, in part, through alterations in levels of processing enzymes that control the ratio of active hormone to almost pro-hormone. Two pro-hormone convertases, PC1/3 and PC2 are believed to be responsible for the activation of many neurohormones and expression of these enzymes is dependent on the presence of a cyclic-AMP response element (CRE) in their promoters. Therefore, we studied the effects of short-term (24-h) and long-term (7-day) morphine treatment on the expression of hypothalamic PC1/3 and PC2 and levels of phosphorylated cyclic-AMP-response element binding protein (P-CREB). While short-term morphine exposure down-regulated, long-term morphine exposure up-regulated P-CREB, PC1/3 and PC2 protein levels in the rat hypothalamus as determined by Western blot analysis. Quantitative immunofluorescence studies confirmed these regulatory actions of morphine in the paraventricular and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
No related posts.