The absence of a staging system limits precision and concision in clinical discussions describing urethral strictures due to the lack of a common lexicon. Strictures can be subjectively described as dense, complete, partial, wide caliber or pinpoint tight. Although descriptions can be helpful, they may not be systematically reproducible among practitioners. Currently, strictures are

effectively staged with an ad hoc binary classification system in practice and in the literature with patients described as either having a stricture or not. We believe it would be more appropriate and more useful to describe strictures in a graded or staged fashion, particularly for general urologists making referrals for patients with stricture. Furthermore, comparing surgical

outcomes for strictures is difficult without a common staging system. The use of nonstandardized BIBW2992 nmr outcome measures likely has a significant PD0325901 molecular weight impact on the reported success of procedures to treat urethral strictures.5 Webster et al believed the 3 important factors to describe a stricture were lumen size, location (anterior or posterior) and length.6 We evaluated the reliability of a new, simple and easy to use classification system for anterior urethral strictures which currently involves only flexible cystoscopy to assess lumen size. Other aspects of the anterior stricture, including retrograde urethrogram results, length and number, as well as the amount of spongiofibrosis will be incorporated into a more detailed classification scheme in the future. We performed a prospective, blinded study of interuser and intra-user reliability for a staging system of anterior urethral stricture disease in men. The staging system was devised by 2 of us (RSP and JGB) based on clinical experience with this entity. Content

validity was established by a panel of 5 urologists, including a senior urology resident, a general urologist and 3 voiding dysfunction specialists, 2 of whom are reconstructive surgeons. All men who underwent cystoscopy at our institution between 2011 and 2012 were included in the study. We evaluated the recorded videos of routine Cediranib (AZD2171) flexible cystoscopy of consecutive men with voiding complaints or hematuria, or who were undergoing bladder cancer surveillance. Exclusion criteria were poor video quality and inability to visualize the urethra distal to the stricture. On 2 separate occasions at least 1 month apart, 3 urologists, in the presence of a nonurologist researcher, independently viewed a video of the entire urethra obtained during diagnostic cystoscopy. The urologists were blinded to the patient and to the results of prior assessments of each patient. Video recorded flexible cystoscopy with a Stryker® 16Fr flexible cystoscope is a standard part of our practice.

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