In anesthetized animals, cocaine (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) produced a general decrease of the firing rate and bursting
of DA neurons, sometimes preceded by a transient increase in both parameters, as previously reported by others. In awake rats, however, injection of cocaine led to a very different pattern of changes in firing. A decrease in firing rate and bursting was observed in only 14% of DA neurons. Most of the other DA neurons MK-4827 concentration underwent increases in firing rate and bursting: these changes were correlated with locomotor activity in 52% of the neurons, but were uncorrelated in 29% of them. Drug concentration measurements indicated that the observed differences between the two conditions did not have a pharmacokinetic origin. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cocaine injection differentially affects the electrical activity of DA neurons in awake and anesthetized states. The observed increases in neuronal activity may in part reflect the cocaine-induced synaptic potentiation found ex vivo in
these neurons. Our observations also show that electrophysiological recordings in awake animals can uncover drug effects, which are masked by general anesthesia. Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 1559-1571; doi: 10.1038/npp.2011.339; published online 1 February 2012″
“Cellular energy homeostasis is a crucial function of oxidative tissues and is altered in obesity, a continuously rising health problem. Lipid E7080 molecular weight droplets (LD) are DOK2 thought to play a central role in lipid homeostasis by mediating the transient storage of fatty acids in the form of triglyceride, while preventing high levels of toxic lipid intermediates or oxidized lipids that mediate cellular lipotoxicity. Members of the perilipin protein family coating LD surfaces have been found to serve important regulatory and structural functions crucial to the regulation of lipid stores. This review examines the results
of studies on one of the newest members of the perilipin family, perilipin 5, which has emerged as a putative key player in LD function in oxidative tissues.”
“Objectives. Despite the rapid expansion of the antiaging cosmetic industry in recent years, little is known about the current social judgment consequences of concealing one’s age. In two studies, we examined perceivers’ evaluations and mental representations of individuals who engage in age concealment.
Methods. In Study 1, we assessed young and older adults’ reactions toward a middle-aged or older adult target who engaged in mild or major forms of age concealment. In Study 2, we examined the social consequences of age concealment in greater detail by including younger middle-aged targets and expanding the range of concealment procedures used.
Results.
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