This implied that after the removal of CCCP, the newly synthesized AP (during the chase period of 60 min) had been exported out to the periplasm. This result can, therefore, be summarized as – the AP, once induced in the presence of CCCP and accumulated in the cell cytoplasm, had never crossed the cytoplasmic membrane (fig. 5A); on contrary the AP, newly induced in the same cells after withdrawal of CCCP, had crossed the cytoplasmic membrane to be located in the periplasm (Fig. 5B). Figure 5 The fate of translocation of cytosolic AP in E. coli MPh42 cells, after

removal of CCCP. A and B represent the autoradiograph and the western blot respectively. Lanes a and b represent the periplasmic fractions of the control CDK inhibitor and CCCP-treated cells respectively. In order to investigate that whether any aggregation occurred in the non-functional, permanently stored AP pool in cell cytosol, the total soluble and Entospletinib mouse insoluble fractions of cells were isolated at different intervals of growth in the presence of 50 μM CCCP, and the western blot study of the fractions was performed

using anti-AP antibody. Both the fractions were found to contain AP (Fig. 6A), indicating that the stored AP was partly in the aggregated and partly in the dispersed form. Moreover, Fig. 6A showed that the amount of AP in each fraction had increased gradually with the time of AP induction in the presence of CCCP. It should be mentioned here that in the control cells, the amount of insoluble fraction was negligible and the AP was found to be

R406 chemical structure present only in the soluble fraction (data not shown). Figure 6 A. W estern blot of the soluble and insoluble fractions of the CCCP-treated E. coli MPh42 cells. Cells were initially grown up to [OD]600 nm ≈ 0.5 at 30°C in complete MOPS medium and were subsequently transferred to phosphate-less MOPS medium. They were then further Cyclooxygenase (COX) allowed to grow at 30°C in the presence of 50 μM CCCP. At different instants of growth, the soluble and insoluble cell fractions were isolated as described in ‘Methods’ section. Lanes a, b, c represent the soluble and lanes e, f, g represent the insoluble fractions, isolated at 30, 60 and 90 min of growth respectively. Lane d represents purified AP. B. Degradation of AP-aggregates in CCCP-treated cells, after removal of CCCP. Lanes (a, b), (c, d) and (e, f) represent 0 hr and 3 hr of chasing for the strains SG20250, SG22159 and JT4000 respectively. The presence of aggregated proteins in cells was reported to elicit induction of hsps for cell survival [17]. Therefore, in the following experiments, focus was made on the ultimate fate of the AP-aggregates in cytoplasm of the protonophores-treated cells, with a view to observe the role of induced hsps on the aggregates. The result of the following ‘pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation’ experiment on the E. coli strain SG20250 showed degradation of the AP-aggregate with time.

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