One of the major simplifications of CG models is the representation of the solvent, which is either implicit or modeled explicitly as a van der Waals particle. The effect of polarization, and thus

a proper screening of interactions depending on the local environment, is absent. Given the important role of water as a ubiquitous solvent in biological systems, its treatment is crucial selleck chemicals to the properties derived from simulation studies. Here, we parameterize a polarizable coarse-grained water model to be used in combination with the CG MARTINI force field. Using a three-bead model to represent four water molecules, we show that the orientational polarizability of real water can be effectively accounted for. This has the consequence that the dielectric screening of bulk water is reproduced. At the same time, we parameterized our new water model such that bulk water density and oil/water partitioning data remain at the same level of accuracy as for the standard MARTINI force field. We apply the new model to two cases for which current CG force fields are inadequate. First, we address the transport of ions across a lipid membrane. The computed potential of mean force shows that the ions now naturally feel the change in dielectric medium when moving from the high dielectric aqueous phase toward Selleckchem GSK461364 the low dielectric membrane interior. In the second

application we consider the electroporation process of both an oil slab and a lipid bilayer. The electrostatic field drives the

formation of water filled pores in both cases, following a similar mechanism as seen with atomistically detailed models.”
“Using electric field-induced second harmonic Cediranib cost generation (EFISHG) measurements, we directly probed a time-varying space charge field responsible for carrier injection followed by radiative recombination (electroluminescence; EL). Experiments using tetracene as the active layer of a top-contact field-effect transistor with application of a pulsed voltage showed that a space charge field remained around the source electrode-caused by injected holes, but not by electrons. Observing the time-varying EFISHG intensity at the electrodes clearly showed that the space charge field formed in the vicinity of the electrodes made a dominant contribution to the opposite-polarity carrier injection, directly leading to EL around the electrodes by carrier recombination. We concluded that EFISHG measurement is useful for probing carrier behavior in luminescent materials, by eliminating two-photon excited photoluminescence from the material induced using an incident laser. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3554835]“
“Background: Switching warfarin for heparin has been a practice for managing periprocedural anticoagulation in high-risk patients undergoing device-related procedures.

05) more effective at inhibiting lipid oxidation than GSH over a 7-day period. In contrast, with the exception of H(2)O(2) scavenging, GSH was a more effective antioxidant than PPH and the peptide fractions. We concluded that the PPH and some of its fractions have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents against chronic diseases NCT-501 that develop from oxidative

damage, and that the cationic property of amino acids contributed negatively to the antioxidant activity of the peptide fractions. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, caused by reduced levels of catecholamines and oxidative stress. Symptoms seen in the disease include tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural disability. Oxidative stress plays a key role in neurodegeneration and motor EGFR inhibitor abnormalities seen in

PD. Altered levels of the protein caused by these changes lead to defective ubiquitin-proteasonne pathway. Neurodegeneration seen in PD and Canavan disease has a common mechanism. Recent studies suggest that herbal medicines can improve molecular changes and motor functions seen in PD.”
“Canola proteins were sequentially extracted from four Australian canola meals of different species and two industrial meal samples, according to Osborne method (OSB), based on their solubilities in water, 5% NaCl. 0.1 M NaOH and 70% ethanol respectively. These extracts were then compared to the glutelin fraction obtained by direct alkaline extraction method (DIR) in terms of protein yield, recovery, electrophoretic profile, and residual antinutritional components. The OSB method was found to be more effective for protein extraction which

resulted in higher cumulative protein yield and recovery of water-soluble protein fractions, although the DIR method produced a glutelin fraction of higher protein content. Phenolic compounds were observed in all the extracted protein Selonsertib mw fractions although sinapine, the major phenolic compound in canola, was present only in the albumin fractions. The glucosinolate content of all extracts was below the detection limit of the method employed (<3 mu mol/g). While the electrophoretic profiles of all four OSB fractions were largely different, the DIR fraction was very similar to the glutelins obtained from the OSB method. Isoelectric focusing revealed that many of the proteins in the canola varieties ranged in pl between pH4.6 and 8.3. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Proprioceptive tendon reflexes are traditionally regarded as tendon stretch reflexes. Eliciting reflexes with a sharp blow on a tendon is, however, not a physiological stimulus. Based on clinical experience in eliciting these reflexes and neurophysiological investigations it is suggested that vibration is a relevant stimulus for tendon jerks.

The insertion of a thin Os layer into the FePt and Si(100) interface results in better thermal stability. No diffusion evidence was found in samples with an Os underlayer for annealing temperatures up to 700 degrees C, as seen from x-ray, transmission electron microscopy, and magnetic studies. We have experimentally demonstrated that the Os underlayer can effectively prevent the diffusion of the intermixing between the FePt layer and the Si(100) substrate for temperatures up to 700 degrees C. As a result of this study, the Os has potential to IWR-1-endo concentration be

a better diffusion barrier to prevent the diffusion of the FePt film on a Si(100) substrate from forming an ordered face centered tetragonal (fct) L1(0) hard magnetic phase. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3337643]“
“Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease often seen in patients with a genetic susceptibility. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are endogenous,

short RNA molecules that can bind to parts of mRNA target genes, thus inhibiting their translation and causing accelerated turnover or transcript degradation. MicroRNAs are important in the pathogenesis of human diseases such as immunological disorders, as they regulate a broad range of biological processes.

Objective: We investigated miRNA-mRNA interactions in involved (PP) and non-involved (PN) psoriatic skin compared with healthy skin (NN).

Methods: Biopsies were obtained from PP. PN and NN, the miRNA and mRNA expression Cl-amidine solubility dmso was analyzed by microarray techniques and a subset of miRNAs and mRNAs were validated by

q-RT-PCR. Novel target interactions in psoriasis were found using PubMed, miRBase and RNAhybrid. In addition, TIMP3 protein expression was studied in PP. PN and NN. Finally, the miR-221/2-TIMP3 target interaction was studied in primary human keratinocytes by endogenous overexpression of the miRNAs.

Results: We identified R406 mouse 42 upregulated miRNAs and 5 downregulated miRNAs in PP compared with NN, and only few deregulated miRNAs in PN compared with NN. Based on the miRNA and mRNA profiles miR-21, -205, -221 and -222 were found to have the following potential mRNA targets in psoriatic skin: PDCD4, TPMI, P57, C-KIT, RTN4, SHIP2, TIMP3, RECK and NFIB. The identified target mRNAs were likely to be involved in cellular growth, proliferation, apoptosis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Finally we found that TIMP3 is downregulated in psoriatic skin. In vitro overexpression of miR-221 and miR-222 lead to degradation of TIMP3 resulting in decreased TIMP3 protein level.

Conclusion: Our data indicate several novel important associations for miRNAs in psoriasis and in particular the miR-221/2-TIMP3 target interaction could among others play a role in the psoriasis pathogenesis. (C) 2010 Japanese Society for Investigative Dermatology.

45). Percent improvement of eyes for males/females was 75.4%/81.0% (p = 0.004). Mean RV improved from 2.05 to 1.16 for males (p < 0.0001) and from 1.97 to 0.99 for females (p < 0.0001). Difference between males/females at baseline was not significant (p = 0.42). The mean improvement for males/females was statistically non-significant (p = 0.47). Percent improvement of eyes for males/females was 62%/64.4% (p = 0.33). Male gender is more prone to ocular manifestations. The severity

of lesions at baseline was the same for VA and RV. For PU, the difference was statistically significant, but was not clinically relevant. The therapeutic outcome (mean improvement and percent of improved eyes) was the same for all parameters.”
“Conventional Captisol cell line treatment for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is currently thoracic

radiation and combination chemotherapy, and surgery buy Ruboxistaurin has been traditionally stated to have little to no role in disease management. However, a growing body of literature suggests that early-stage SCLC may be more amenable to local control following resection, with surgery being an important component of multimodality therapy. This article attempts to summarize what is currently known about early-stage SCLC, and outlines the methods by which this controversy is actively being investigated.”
“BACKGROUND: Liver dysfunction increases post-surgical morbidity and mortality. The Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) estimates liver function but can be inaccurate in patients receiving oral anti-coagulation. We evaluated the effect of liver dysfunction on outcomes after ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation and the dynamic changes in liver dysfunction that occur during VAD support.

METHODS: We retrospectively

analyzed 255 patients (147 with pulsatile devices and 108 with continuous-flow devices) who received a long-term VAD between 2000 and 2010. Liver dysfunction was estimated by MELD and MELD-eXcluding check details INR (MELD-XI), with patients grouped by a score of >= 17 or < 17. Primary outcomes were on-VAD, after transplant, and overall survival.

RESULTS: MELD and MELD-XI correlated highly (R >= 0.901, p < 0.0001) in patients not on oral anti-coagulation. Patients with MELD or MELD-XI < 17 had improved on-VAD and overall survival (p < 0.05) with a higher predictive power for MELD-XI. During VAD support, cholestasis initially worsened but eventually improved. Patients with pre-VAD liver dysfunction who survived to transplant had lower post-transplant survival (p = 0.0193). However, if MELD-XI normalized during VAD support, post-transplant survival improved and was similar to that of patients with low MELD-XI scores.

CONCLUSIONS: MELD-XI is a viable alternative for assessing liver dysfunction in heart failure patients on oral anti-coagulation. Liver dysfunction is associated with worse survival.

Taken together, these data demonstrated that induction of autophagy could represent a defense mechanism against apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells.”
“Single crystalline p-type K-doped ZnO nanorods (NR) have been synthesized by convenient and low-cost solution technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal system of K-doped ZnO nanorods and a preferred a axis orientation. The diameter and length were found to be 30-50 nm and 150-200 nm, respectively, Luminespib manufacturer in electron microscopic studies. The

p-type nature and high hole density of 2.36 x 10(19) per cm(3) was demonstrated by Hall studies. A sharp lower cutoff and reduction in the bandgap was observed in UV-Vis study which is linked to its smaller size and p-type conduction in NR. In Photoluminescence click here studies, a near band emission in the UV range and a yellow emission with a blueshift were detected

in the visible region in K-doped ZnO NR. The variation in intensity of peaks is correlated with the dimensions of NR. The redshift observed in Raman peaks is explained in terms of the stress developed in ZnO nanostructure due to lattice mismatch by K doping. These results provide better insight of K-doped ZnO nanostructures for both fundamental research and technological applications in optoelectronic devices. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3574656]“
“New hydroxytelechelic cis-1,4-oligoisoprenes exhibiting variable values and distributions of the hydroxyl functionality were successfully prepared. The synthesis reactions involved chemical modifications of carbonyl telechelic cis-1,4-polyisoprene, which was obtained by controlled degradation of synthetic or natural rubber. These new oligomers were reacted with toluene diisocyanate to elaborate crosslinked polyurethane elastomers. The thermomechanical

properties of the prepared polyurethanes were investigated. The results show a strong relationship between the chemical structures and properties. This work mainly shows the potentiality of making new crosslinking polyurethane materials with controlled and various MEK162 order properties from natural rubber, a renewable resource. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 1677-1687, 2011″
“This studay is to construct a lentiviral vector harbouring an RNA interference (RNAi) sequence that targets the gene encoding the human high-mobility group nucleosomal binding protein 1 (NSBP1); to study its role in inducing G(2)/M phase arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer (PCa) DU145 cells; and to assess the effect of its knockdown on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. RNAi was applied to knock down NSBP1 expression in the PCa cell line DU145 by lentiviral plasmids producing an NSBP1 small hairpin RNA. After NSBP1 knockdown in DU145 cells, the growth rate of cells was analyzed by MTT, and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed using a FAC-Scalibur flow cytometer. Tumour growth was assessed in nude mice.

Conclusion Tumor size does not appear to correlate with malignancy in a clinically significant manner. Malignant paraganglioma may be more aggressive than malignant pheochromocytoma and is frequently offered more adjuvant therapy. PCC and PG should be evaluated separately in future analyses of these diseases.”
“A diagnosis of advanced BI 2536 ovarian cancer is the beginning of a long and arduous journey for a patient. Worldwide, approximately

half of the individuals undergoing therapy for advanced cancer will succumb to the disease, or consequences of treatment. Well-known and widely- used chemotherapeutic agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, 5- fluorouracil, and doxorubicin are toxic to both cancer and non- cancerous cells, and have debilitating side effects Therefore, development of new targeted anticancer therapies that

can selectively kill cancer cells while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues is essential to develop more effective therapies. We have developed a new class of synthetic curcumin analogs, diarylidenyl- piperidones (DAPs), which have higher anticancer activity and enhanced bio- absorption than curcumin. The DAP backbone structure exhibits cytotoxic (anticancer) activity, Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor whereas the Nhydroxypyrroline (- NOH) moiety found on some variants functions as a cellular- or tissue- specific modulator (antioxidant) of cytotoxicity. The anticancer activity of the DAPs has been evaluated using a number of JQ1 ovarian cancer cell lines, and the safety has been evaluated in a number of non- cancerous cell lines. Both variations of the DAP compounds showed similar levels of cell death in ovarian cancer cells, however the compounds with the NOH modification were less toxic to non- cancerous cells. The selective cytotoxicity of the DAP- NOH compounds suggests that they will be useful as safe and effective anticancer agents. This article reviews some of the key findings of our work with the DAP compounds, and compares this to some of the targeted therapies currently used in ovarian cancer therapy.”
“OBJECTIVE: To

analyse the results after elective open total aortic arch replacement.

METHODS: We analysed 39 patients (median age 63 years, median logistic EuroSCORE 18.4) who underwent elective open total arch replacement between 2005 and 2012.

RESULTS: In-hospital mortality was 5.1% (n = 2) and perioperative neurological injury was 12.8% (n = 5). The indication for surgery was degenerative aneurysmal disease in 59% (n = 23) and late aneurysmal formation following previous surgery of type A aortic dissection in 35.9% (n = 14); 5.1% (n = 2) were due to anastomotical aneurysms after prior ascending repair. Fifty-nine percent (n = 23) of the patients had already undergone previous proximal thoracic aortic surgery. In 30.8% (n = 12) of them, a conventional elephant trunk was added to total arch replacement, in 28.2% (n = 11), root replacement was additionally performed.

015) occurred in the non-thymomatous group. More thymic and adipose tissue was removed from the thymolipomatous group compared with the non-thymomatous group (P < 0.001). Regarding surgical outcomes, the rate of stable remission was higher in the non-thymomatous (42.3%) and thymolipomatous (41.7%) groups compared with the thymomatous group (28.8%, P = 0.029). No instances of postoperative exacerbation of MG or tumour recurrence were noted during the postoperative follow-up of patients treated for thymolipoma.

Our

results suggest that patients with myasthenia thymolipomatous have surgical outcomes similar to those of patients with non-thymomatous MG and have a mean age at the time of surgery similar to that of patients with thymomatous PI3K inhibitor MG.”
“Introduction. The present study evaluated the effects of benazepril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on haemodynamic, biochemical, and Gilteritinib immunohistochemical (Bax and Bcl-2 protein) indices in ischaemia and reperfusion (IR) injury.

Materials and methods. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups and were orally administered saline once daily (IR-sham and IR-control) or benazepril (30 mg/kg/day; IR-benazepril) for 14 days. On the 15(th) day, in the IR-control and IR-benazepril groups, rats were subjected

to left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion for 45 minutes followed by a one-hour reperfusion. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded and rats were sacrificed; hearts were GANT61 clinical trial isolated for biochemical estimation and immunohistochemistry.

Results. In the IR-control group, significant ventricular dysfunctions (p < 0.05 vs. IR-sham group) were observed

along with enhanced expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax. A decline in lactate dehydrogenase activity and increased content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were observed. Benazepril pretreatment significantly improved mean arterial pressure (p < 0.01), reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (p < 0.05), and improved both inotropic and lusitropic function of the heart (+LVdP/dt and – LVdP/dt) (p < 0.05; p < 0.01) as compared to IR-control. Furthermore, benazepril treatment significantly decreased the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and restored the activity of lactate dehydrogenase towards normal value (p < 0.05 vs. IR-control).

Conclusion. This study demonstrates that benazepril upregulated Bcl-2 protein and decreased Bax protein expression, thus exhibiting anti-apoptotic effects. These beneficial effects of benazepril will have an important implication in the therapeutic use of benazepril in ischaemic heart disease.”
“Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combining newborn hearing screening with screening for genetic mutations associated with deafness.

008), CES-D (P = 0.001) and PCS (P = 0.011). An interaction of smoking status and time was found for the PASS-20 (P = 0.028), MPI affective distress (P = 0.033), MPI life control (P = 0.003) and SF-36 Citarinostat research buy role-emotional (P = 0.004) subscale. While

the majority of smokers were ready to consider smoking abstinence, 43% declined a brief smoking cessation intervention.

In this series of patients undergoing multidisciplinary treatment for chronic pain, immediate treatment effects for a variety of outcome measures were similar or significantly better in smokers compared with nonsmokers.”
“Objectives: The aim of this survey was to quantify refusal rates and identify factors of refusal pertaining to studies and recruiting pediatricians in the research recruitment process.

Study Design and Setting: We performed a cross-sectional survey on all clinical studies conducted in six pediatric Clinical Investigation Centers in France over an 18-month period. Data were retrieved using a data collection form for the characteristics of each of the studies included in the survey and a questionnaire addressed to recruiting pediatricians. Multilevel models were used for the statistical analysis.

Results: Overall, 145 pediatricians approached the families of 999

children and adolescents for participation in 44 studies. In the 36 of the 44 studies

that enrolled subjects, median refusal rate was 12.5% (Q1-Q3, 0-28%). Lower refusal rates were associated with therapeutic Selleckchem HIF inhibitor drug use high throughput screening assay as the focus of the study [odds ratio (OR), 0.51; 95% CI: 0.25, 1.05], additional hospital stays required for the study (OR, 0.53; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.99), longer duration of the inclusion visit (OR, 0.93/10 min; 95% CI: 0.87, 1), and recruitment by a pediatrician with university teaching responsibilities (OR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.68). Refusal rate was higher when the recruiting pediatrician perceived the study as generating heavy practical burden for the subject and/or its family (OR, 1.3; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.45).

Conclusion: Refusal to participate in clinical research was low and was influenced by factors associated to the objectives and conduct of the studies and factors related to the characteristics and perceptions of the recruiting pediatricians. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“According to the NMR data, 9-(R-ethynyl)-9-hydroxy-10,10-dimethyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes (R = H, Me, Ph) in superacid medium (HSO3F-SO2ClF) at low temperature undergo dehydroxylation with formation of the corresponding long-lived 10,10-dimethyl-9-(R-ethynyl)-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-yl cations which do not isomerize to 10-(R-ethynyl)-9,10-dimethyl-9,10-dihydrophenanthren-9-ylium.

After application of etch-and-rinse adhesive, composite built-ups were created Roscovitine purchase with a nanoceramic composite. Specimens were sectioned into serial 1-mm(2) sticks, and mu TBS was measured in five sticks from each tooth randomly selected (n = 30). Failure modes were determined under a stereomicroscope. mu TBS test data were analyzed by Welch-ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s T3 tests and failure mode distributions were analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test (p = 0.05). mu TBS was higher for enamel

and dentin after additional acid etching than laser irradiation alone. E-SSP-A group exhibited the highest mu TBS for enamel (p < 0.05). The D-SP-A group showed the highest value but the difference was not significant in comparison to D-C (p > 0.05). The mu TBS of laser-irradiated but not acid-etched groups decreased when longer pulse durations were used. Laser treatment could enhance or impair the mu TBS to enamel and dentin depending

on the pulse duration used and additional acid application.”
“Objective: To describe an active auditory rehabilitation method (clip vibroplasty) for conductive or mixed hearing loss in cases of a preserved stapes superstructure.

Patients: After temporal bone experiments, the new clip vibroplasty was clinically used in 4 patients with chronic otitis media.

Interventions: ON-01910 supplier A new titanium double clip device (clip vibroplasty) was developed for a standardized and effective coupling of the floating mass transducer of the Vibrant Soundbridge to the intact stapes. Temporal https://www.selleckchem.com/products/BEZ235.html bone experiments using laser Doppler vibrometry were performed to evaluate

the device’s acoustic efficiency. The audiologic outcomes of the first 4 patients were analyzed. The subjective benefits and satisfaction were assessed using the standardized International Outcome Inventory for Hearing Aids in all patients.

Main Outcome Measures: Transfer characteristics of laser Doppler vibrometry experiments; audiologic outcomes of the 4 patients.

Results: In the temporal bone experiment, coupling of the FMT using the titanium double clip support produced transfer characteristics across all tested frequencies comparable to our former total ossicular reconstruction prosthesis or an optimal round window application. The intraoperative application of the clip vibroplasty was uneventful in all cases. No signs of prosthesis dislocation were noted within the follow-up period of approximately 12 months. The audiologic outcome of the first patients showed good hearing gain in pure-tone and speech audiometry, with results that are unobtainable using a conventional air conduction hearing aid.

The expression of the single mutant Y96F in an Escherichia coli host resulted in indigo formation (approximately 23 mg/l), of which productivity was comparable to the highest reported so far using other P450cam mutant cultures. On the other hand, recombinant E. coli that harbored F87W-Y96F exhibited little activity for indigo production. However, co-expression of E. coli glycerol dehydrogenase (GLD) with F87W-Y96F triggered a marked increase in the productivity of indigo (approximately 20 mg/l) without external glycerol addition. These results indicate the potential of introducing GLD-mediated NADH regeneration that utilizes endogenous NAD(+) and glycerol in E. coli to enhance markedly the catalytic performance

of a low-activity recombinant P450cam system. The present E. coil whole-cell biocatalysts might be applicable to practical selleck chemical microbial indigo production. KYT-0353 (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: This anatomic biomechanical study was undertaken to gain insight into the underlining mechanism of tipping of the maxillary segments during transverse expansion using tooth-borne and bone-borne distraction devices.

Materials and Methods: An anatomic biomechanical study was performed on 10 dentate human cadaver heads using tooth-borne and

bone-borne distraction devices.

Results: The amount of tipping of the maxillary halves was greater in the tooth-borne group, but the difference was not significant. Four of the specimens demonstrated an asymmetrical widening of the maxilla.

Conclusions: Segmental tipping was seen in both study groups. In this anatomic model, tooth-borne distraction led to greater segmental tipping compared with bone-borne distraction. Keep in mind, however, that this anatomic model by no means depicts a patient situation, and any extrapolation from it must be done with great care. The fact that the tooth-borne group demonstrated greater tipping

might reflect find more the general opinion that bone-borne distraction causes less segmental angulation than tooth-borne distraction. Some tipping was seen in the bone-borne group, suggesting that overcorrection to counteract relapse will be necessary with this treatment modality. (c) 2009 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons”
“Multiferroic lead lanthanum titanate-cobalt iron oxide nano-composite thin films are synthesized by sol-gel route. A percolative distribution of cobalt iron oxide phase, with percolation threshold similar to 8 vol%, is identified in these films. Large magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (similar to 250 mV/cm.Oe) is found in the composite films with cobalt iron oxide volume contents in the vicinity of its percolation threshold. The composite films with dilute magnetostrictive volume contents yield superior multiferroic properties to its counterparts with relatively higher magnetostrictive volume contents. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.